Thursday, January 17, 2013

Prokaryote Pizza

Now it is time to get acquainted with our textbooks, which I passed out on the last day of class before vacation.  Hope you still can find them! Chapter One, section one - Cells: The Basic Units of Life.  Read pages 2-11; In your science log, write down the vocabulary words and their definitions. Write down the three parts of the "cell theory." Answer the questions in the study guide on page 11. (Younger students may do this aloud to a sibling or mom.) Review the diagram of the bacteria, and be able to draw & label  it from memory. 50 pts. for all.
The Big Idea- All organisms are composed of one or more cells.  So in answer to our question, What are the characteristics of life? we can say, living things are always made of cells.
Streptomyces, an elongated bacterium used in making antibiotics Fischerella - a branching filamentous cyanobacteria. It is also known as Stigonema Cylindrospermum - a filamentous cyanobacterium oftwen common in fresh water 8-micron bacterial rods, swimming up a gradient Spirilliform bacteria with flagella found in rotting carcass of a bryozoan colony 12-micron rods, from pond culture - one individual is dividing
Spirulina, a cyanobacteria - This species is cultured for a food supplement. (video shows movement) Symbiotic bacteria living inside an Amoeba. The probably provide food and metabolism for the host. 40-micron bent rods from pond culture Beggiatoa can metabolize sulfur compunds. (The refractile franules seen here are crystals of excreted sulfur) Glaucocystis - These cellls harbor cyanobacteria symbionts Rhizobium - a symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing bacterium from the root nodules of a pea
Lymgbya - A large filamentous cyanobacterium A long rod bacteria living attached to the swimming antannae of a freshwater copepod Vibrio fischeri - A light-producing (bioluminescent) bacterium Giant rod-shaped bacteria (50 microns) from a rotting plant culture Spiral (Spirilliform) bacteria with flagella at each end. (Clearly seen in our video footage) Bacillus subtilis - A rod bacterium from the soil. It produces the antibiotic, bacitracin
Dense filamentous bacteria in a pond culture, with Paramecium E. Coli - 4-micron bacteria. A common symbiont found in the digestive tracks of animals Oscillatoria - a common filamentous cyanobacteria growing as large filaments Sarcina - A non-motile aerobic bacterium Rod bacteria living attached to a strand of filamentous algae
Long rod bacteria with spores forming at one end Lactobaccilus? - these chains of bacteria make yogurt out of milk A spirochete bacterium from a pond culture A dense culture of rod-like bacteria concentrated in a culture of pond water Anabaena - a cyanobacterium When present in domestic water supplies, this species imparts a swampty taste In pond water culture - Long bacteria rods aggregating along the edge of a thick mat of smaller rods

Bacteria have 3 basic shapes: can you figure out what they are?  draw the 3 shapes in your science journal, and give them names.

Taking Care of the Shrimpies-  So now that we know it's an animal, we have to feed it something.  But what??? lots of choices.
Feeding:The  shrimpies are not hard to feed. They accept most foods that they can filter out of the water as long as it’s not too big and doesn’t dissolve in water. Examples of this are yeast, wheat flour, soybean powder, egg yolk. It’s hard to know how much to feed them, but don't overdo--they are small!
Oxygen & Water Quality: Feeding means pooping too, so you'll want to change the water now and then.  Here's how:  Aquarium maintenance: Brine shrimp are usually kept in small tanks which means that water quality may deteriorate quickly. This means that water changes are of utmost importance. I recommend changing at least 20% two times a week. This is to prevent low oxygen levels which will be a result of poor water quality. It’s also important to clean the bottom of the tank since brine shrimp moult very often during their way to adult hood which leaves a lot of remains on the bottom of the tank which may deteriorate the water quality. This should be done by night using a flashlight to draw the brine shrimp to the surface. Brine shrimp are drawn to light and the light from the flashlight will attract the brine shrimp to the light source keeping them safe while you are cleaning the bottom of the tank. {So I think that means using your mom's turkey baster to pull the junk out of the jar bottom; get your mom to show you how to do this. Replace 20% of the salt  water with new salt water--use one tablespoon rock salt or sea salt to one quart water.}


Could some of you who have lids bring in your shrimpies on Monday to look at under the microscope?  Thank you.
And keep making observations and recording in your science log!

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